What is the most important consideration when assessing the impact of a project on cultural heritage sites?

The most important consideration when assessing the impact of a project on cultural heritage sites is to determine the significance and value of the cultural heritage resources and to assess the potential for the project to damage or destroy those resources. This involves identifying and documenting all cultural heritage sites within the project area, including archaeological sites, historic buildings, traditional cultural properties, and intangible cultural heritage. The significance of these resources is evaluated based on their historical, archaeological, architectural, artistic, scientific, social, or cultural value. The assessment then considers how the project could directly or indirectly affect these resources, taking into account factors such as physical disturbance, visual impacts, noise and vibration, and changes in access or use. For example, a road construction project might damage an archaeological site, or a new building might obstruct the view of a historic landmark. The goal is to avoid or minimize impacts on significant cultural heritage resources and to develop appropriate mitigation measures, such as preservation in place, archaeological excavation, or documentation and interpretation, to protect or conserve these resources for future generations. Understanding the cultural values attached to the sites by local communities is crucial.