Why is verifying the accuracy of impact predictions a critical component of the monitoring phase in EIA?

Verifying the accuracy of impact predictions is a critical component of the monitoring phase in EIA because it provides feedback on the effectiveness of the EIA process and informs future assessments. The monitoring phase involves tracking the actual environmental impacts of a project after it has been implemented. By comparing the actual impacts to the impacts that were predicted in the EIA, it is possible to determine whether the EIA was accurate and whether the mitigation measures that were implemented are working as intended. If the monitoring reveals that the actual impacts are greater than predicted, or that the mitigation measures are not effective, it may be necessary to adjust the project design or implement additional mitigation measures to protect the environment. Furthermore, verifying the accuracy of impact predictions helps to improve the accuracy and reliability of future EIAs by providing valuable data on the performance of different impact prediction methods and mitigation techniques. For example, if an EIA predicted that a project would have minimal impacts on water quality, but monitoring reveals that water quality has significantly deteriorated, this information can be used to refine the water quality models and impact assessment methods used in future EIAs. This creates a learning loop, leading to more accurate and effective environmental management over time.