What is the central mechanism by which ocean acidification affects marine organisms with calcium carbonate shells?

The central mechanism by which ocean acidification affects marine organisms with calcium carbonate shells is by reducing the availability of carbonate ions (CO3^2-) in seawater. Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. As atmospheric CO2 levels increase, more CO2 dissolves into the ocean. When CO2 dissolves in seawater, it reacts with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid then dissociates, relea....