The purpose of 'benching' in excavation is to create a series of horizontal steps or levels (benches) in the sides of an excavation, primarily to prevent cave-ins and protect workers from the hazard of collapsing soil. Benching is a soil stabilization technique used when the excavation is deeper than a certain depth, which varies depending on the soil type and local regulations. The depth threshold is set because deeper excavations are more prone to collapses due to the increased pressure exerted by the soil. Each bench reduces the overall slope angle of the excavati....
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