How does the concept of 'basis' influence the taxable gains or losses when selling shares held in a taxable brokerage account?

In a taxable brokerage account, 'basis' represents the original cost of an asset, such as shares of stock, including any associated transaction costs like brokerage commissions. When those shares are sold, the difference between the sale price and the basis determines the taxable gain or loss. If the sale price exceeds the basis, a capital gain results, which is subject to capital gains tax. If the sale price is less than the basis, a capital loss occurs, which can be used to offset capital gains or, within limits, ordinary income. The basis is crucial for accurately calculating the taxable amount. For instance, if you purchased 100 shares of a stock for $10 per share (basis of $1000) and later sold them for $15 per share, your capital gain is $5 per share or $500 total. Conversely, if you sold them for $8 per share, you would have a capital loss of $2 per share or $200 total. Accurately tracking the basis is essential, especially when shares are acquired at different times and prices, requiring specific identification or the use of accounting methods like first-in, first-out (FIFO) or average cost to determine which shares are being sold.