What are the key differences between local application and total flooding CO2 fire suppression systems, and when would you choose one over the other?

Local application and total flooding CO2 fire suppression systems differ significantly in their design, application, and the way they extinguish fires. A local application system directs CO2 directly onto the burning object or hazard. It is designed to extinguish fires in specific areas or pieces of equipment, such as paint spray booths, dip tanks, or printing presses. The nozzles are strategically placed to discharge CO2 onto the targeted area, creating a localized inert atmosphere that smothers the fire. The system is typically activated manually or automatically by a local detection system. A total flooding system, on the other hand, releases CO2 into an entire enclosed space to create an inert atmosphere that extinguishes any fire within that space. The system is designed to achieve a concentration of CO2 that is sufficient to reduce the oxygen level below the point where combustion can occur. Total flooding systems are typically used in areas such as computer rooms, data centers, or record storage facilities. When choosing between a local application and a total flooding system, several factors must be considered. Local application systems are preferred when the fire hazard is confined to a specific area or piece of equipment, and it is not practical or necessary to protect the entire space. They are also preferred when the space is not completely enclosed or when there is a risk of CO2 leaking out, as they use less CO2 than total flooding systems. Total flooding systems are preferred when the fire hazard is spread throughout the entire space, or when it is difficult to pinpoint the exact location of a potential fire. They are also preferred when the space is well-enclosed and can maintain a high CO2 concentration. Safety considerations also play a role in the selection process. Because CO2 is an asphyxiant, total flooding systems pose a greater risk to occupants and require strict safety protocols, such as pre-discharge alarms and evacuation procedures. Local application systems, which direct CO2 only onto the hazard, generally pose a lower risk to occupants.