The type of lateral earth pressure exerted by a soil against a completely rigid retaining wall that does not move at all is known as at-rest earth pressure. Lateral earth pressure refers to the horizontal pressure exerted by soil on a vertical or inclined structure, such as a retaining wall. This pressure arises from the weight and internal characteristics of the soil. At-rest earth pressure specifically occurs when the retaining structure, and therefore the soil mass adjacent to it, experiences absolutely no lateral deformation or movement. This means the soil is in a state where there has been no strain in the horizontal direction. Since there is no movement, the soil mass is neither allowed to expand lateral....
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