The dry unit weight of a fully saturated soil is the weight of the solid particles divided by the total volume of the soil mass, which includes both the volume of solids and the volume of voids. The void ratio, denoted as 'e', is a measure of the empty spaces within the soil, defined as the ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of solid particles. Specific gravity of solids, 'Gs', is the ratio of the density of the soil solid particles to the density of water. The unit weight of water, 'γw', is the weight of water per unit volume. For a fully saturated ....
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