Explain the differences in the maintenance procedures required for a Francis turbine versus a Pelton turbine in a low-enthalpy geothermal power plant.

Francis and Pelton turbines have different designs and operating characteristics, leading to distinct maintenance requirements, even in a low-enthalpy geothermal power plant where the energy content of the fluid is relatively low. A Francis turbine is a reaction turbine, meaning it uses both pressure and velocity of the fluid to generate power. It is typically used for medium head and medium flow rate applications. A Pelton turbine, on the other hand, is an impulse turbine, meaning it uses only the velocity of the fluid. It is typically used for high head and low flow rate applications. The maintenance of a Francis turbine focuses on several key areas. The turbine runner, which is the rotating part of the turbine, is susc....