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If you have five commits and want to combine the second and third into the first, then reword the fifth, what specific `rebase -i` commands would you use for these actions?



To begin this process, you would initiate an interactive rebase using the command `git rebase -i HEAD~5`. The `HEAD~5` part specifies that you want to interactively rebase the last five commits relative to your current branch's tip. This command opens your default text editor, presenting a list of the five most recent commits. The oldest of these five commits appears at the top of the list, and the most recent appears at the bottom. Each commit line begins with the command `pick`, which signifies that Git will apply that commit as is during the rebase operation.

Initially, the content in your editor for these five commits would resemble this, with `<hash-of-commit-X>` being the unique identifier for each commit and `Commit X message` being its commit message:
`pick <hash-of-commit-A> Commit A message`
`pick <hash-of-commit-B> Commit B message`
`pick <hash-of-commit-C> Commit C message`
`pick <hash-of-commit-D> Commit D message`
`pick <hash-of-commit-E> Commit E message`

To combine the second commit (Commit B) and the third commit (Commit C) into the first commit (Commit A), you need to change the `pick` commands for Commit B and Commit C to `squash`. The `squash` command instructs Git to take the changes introduced by that commit and combine them with the changes from the commit directly preceding it in the rebase list. Additionally, `squash` combines the commit messages, providing you with an opportunity to edit them into a single, cohesive message. Since Commit B already directly follows Commit A, and Commit C directly follows Commit B, no reordering of these specific lines is necessary.

After making these changes, the relevant lines in your editor for combining commits would be:
`pick <hash-of-commit-A> Commit A message`
`squash <hash-of-commit-B> Commit B message`
`squash <hash-of-commit-C> Commit C message`
`pick <hash-of-commit-D> Commit D message`
`pick <hash-of-commit-E> Commit E message`

Next, to reword the fifth commit (Commit E), you need to modify its `pick` command to `reword`. The `reword` command tells Git to pause the rebase when it reaches that specific commit and open your editor, pre-filled with the original commit message of Commit E. This allows you to edit only that commit's message before proceeding.

Incorporating both the combining of commits and the reword action, the final specific commands you would set in your interactive rebase editor, before saving and exiting, would be:
`pick <hash-of-commit-A> Commit A message`
`squash <hash-of-commit-B> Commit B message`
`squash <hash-of-commit-C> Commit C message`
`pick <hash-of-commit-D> Commit D message`
`reword <hash-of-commit-E> Commit E message`

Upon saving and closing this rebase editor, Git will execute the specified operations. It will first apply Commit A. Then, it will apply Commit B and Commit C, squashing their changes and messages into the new Commit A. During this `squash` process, Git will automatically open an editor, presenting a draft combined commit message for A, B, and C; you must finalize this message, save, and close the editor. Next, Git will apply Commit D as a new commit. Finally, it will apply Commit E, but because of the `reword` command, it will pause again and open an editor, showing Commit E's original message for you to modify. After you save and close this second commit message editor, the rebase process will successfully complete, and your Git history will reflect the combined first commit and the reworded fifth commit.