After executing `git fetch origin`, what Git command would you use to view the specific changes that were downloaded from the remote without merging them into your current local branch?

After executing `git fetch origin`, the `git fetch` command downloads new data, including commits and objects, from the remote repository named `origin`. It updates your local *remote-tracking branchesbut does not modify your local working branches or your working directory. A remote-tracking branch is a local reference that reflects the state of a branch on the remote repository. For example, `origin/main` is your local reference to the `main` branch on the `origin` remote. This branch `origin/main` is updated by `git fetch`. Your local `main` branch, however, remains untouched.

To view the specific new commits that were downloaded from the remote without merging them, you would use the `git log` command. Specifically, to see the commits that exist on the remote's `main` branch (represented by your local `origin/main` remote-tracking branch) but are not yet on your local `main` branch, you would use `git log main..origin/main`. This command displays the commit messages, authors, dates, and commit hashes for only those commits that are reachable from `origin/main` but not from `main`, effectively showing the new history downloaded.

To view the specific line-by-line changes, or the actual content differences, between your local `main` branch and the newly fetched `origin/main` remote-tracking branch, you would use the `git diff` command. The command to achieve this is `git diff main..origin/main`. This command compares the complete content of the two specified references, `main` and `origin/main`, showing all additions, deletions, and modifications to files as if you were preparing to merge. It reveals the exact textual differences that have occurred on the remote since your last pull or fetch, without applying any of those changes to your current local branch or working directory.

Both `git log main..origin/main` and `git diff main..origin/main` are read-only operations. They inspect the repository's history and content, providing a view of the downloaded changes without altering your local branch, index, or working directory, thereby fulfilling the requirement of not merging them into your current local branch.