Does the presence of high-frequency trading (HFT) and dark pools generally increase or decrease the transparency of real-time market capitalization data compared to traditional lit exchange trading?

High-frequency trading (HFT)—the use of powerful computers to execute a massive number of orders at extremely high speeds—and dark pools—private exchanges where investors trade without showing their orders to the public beforehand—generally decrease the transparency of real-time market capitalization data. In a traditional lit exchange, a central "limit order book" publicly displays all buy and sell orders....