What is the critical difference between a 'competent person' and a 'qualified person' as defined by OSHA regarding heavy equipment safety?

The critical difference between a 'competent person' and a 'qualified person,' as defined by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), lies in the scope and depth of their knowledge, training, and experience related to specific tasks or equipment. A 'competent person' is defined as someone who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. Their primary role is hazard identification and correction. A 'qualified person,' on the other hand, is defined as someone who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated their ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project. They possess specialized knowledge and skills, often requiring formal education or certification, to perform specific tasks or make judgments about equipment or procedures. For example, a competent person might be able to inspect a trench for hazards and direct workers to correct unsafe conditions, while a qualified person would be needed to design the trench shoring system or conduct specialized testing of equipment. While a qualified person always fulfills the requirements of a competent person, a competent person doesn't necessarily have the qualifications to be a qualified person. The level of expertise required distinguishes these two roles.