The Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test applies a controlled load to the pavement surface, and sensors measure the resulting deflections at various distances from the load. These deflection measurements create a "deflection basin," which is a graphical representation of how the pavement deflects under the load. The shape of this basin provides key information about the structural condition of the pavement and the properties of its underlying layers. A narrow, deep basin indicates a relatively stiff pavement structure with a weak subgrade, meaning the load is concentrated near the....
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