How does the frequency of overweight vehicle traffic affect pavement deterioration rates, and what mitigation strategies can be employed?

Overweight vehicle traffic significantly accelerates pavement deterioration rates due to the exponential relationship between axle load and pavement damage. The fourth power law, a widely used principle in pavement engineering, states that pavement damage increases proportionally to the fourth power of the axle load. This means that a relatively small increase in axle load can cause a disproportionately large increase in pavement damage. For example, an axle load that is 20% higher than the legal limit can cause more than twice the damage. The increased stress and strain caused by overweight vehicles lead to accelerated rutting, cracking, and fatigue of the pavement structure. ....