What are the limitations of using Pavement Condition Index (PCI) alone for prioritizing maintenance projects, and what supplemental data should be considered?

The Pavement Condition Index (PCI) is a numerical rating that represents the overall condition of a pavement based on the types, severities, and extent of distresses present. While PCI is a valuable tool, relying solely on it for prioritizing maintenance projects has limitations because it primarily reflects surface condition and doesn't directly assess structural capacity or remaining service life. A pavement with a relatively high PCI might still have underlying structural weaknesses that could lead to premature failure if not addressed. Also, PCI doesn't account for traffic volume, functional classification (e.g., Interstate vs. local road), or the economic importance of the roadway. A high-volume, economically critical road with a moderate PCI might warrant higher priority than a low-volume road with a similar or even slightly lower PCI. Furthermore, PCI doesn't consider ride quality, which is an important factor for user comfort and vehicle operating costs. A road with a good PCI might still have a rough surface that negatively impacts the user experience. Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is also not directly incorporated into PCI-based prioritization. A pavement with a slightly lower PCI might be more cost-effective to rehabilitate in the long run compared to a pavement with a higher PCI that requires more extensive and expensive repairs later. To overcome these limitations, supplemental data should be considered alongside PCI, including: Traffic data (Average Daily Traffic, truck traffic), Structural capacity data (from Falling Weight Deflectometer testing), Ride quality data (International Roughness Index), Functional classification of the roadway, Life-cycle cost analysis of different treatment options, Safety data (accident rates), and Input from stakeholders (residents, businesses). By integrating these additional factors, agencies can make more informed and cost-effective decisions about pavement maintenance and rehabilitation projects, ensuring that resources are allocated to the areas where they will have the greatest impact.