When a problem from change keeps coming back, what advanced problem-solving step helps find the real, hidden reason it's happening?

When a problem stemming from change repeatedly occurs, the advanced problem-solving step that helps uncover its real, hidden reason is Root Cause Analysis. Root Cause Analysis is a structured investigation method designed to identify the fundamental, underlying reasons for a problem, rather than merely addressing its symptoms. Its purpose is to prevent the problem from recurring by eliminating its ultimate source. A symptom is the visible manifestation of a problem, like a warning light, while a root cause is the deepest factor that, if removed, would prevent the symptom and the problem from happening again. This process moves beyond surface-level observations to probe deeper into systemic issues, processes, or conditions that allowed the problem to arise. One common technique used within Root Cause Analysis to find these hidden reasons is the "5 Whys." This involves repeatedly asking "Why?" for each identified cause until the questioning no longer produces useful information, thereby drilling down from a superficial cause to the true, foundational reason. For example, if a software bug keeps reappearing, simply fixing the bug is a symptomatic treatment. A Root Cause Analysis using "5 Whys" might reveal that the hidden reason is a lack of proper testing protocols, inadequate version control, or insufficient training for developers, any of which represent the true root cause. By identifying and addressing this root cause, the organization ensures the problem is solved permanently rather than temporarily.