Before presenting a plan, what detailed study does an expert do to understand all the different people who have a say and what each of them cares about?

Before presenting a plan, an expert conducts a detailed study known as Stakeholder Analysis. This systematic process aims to thoroughly understand all the different people or groups, called stakeholders, who have a say or are affected by the plan, and what each of them cares about.

First, the expert performs stakeholder identification, meticulously identifying all individuals, groups, or organizations that can influence, be influenced by, or perceive themselves to be influenced by the plan. This includes internal parties like employees, departments, and management, as well as external parties such as customers, suppliers, regulators, investors, and communities.

Next, the expert analyzes each stakeholder's interests and concerns. This involves delving into what truly matters to them: their specific needs, expectations, motivations, values, and what they stand to gain or lose from the plan. For example, a finance department's interest might be cost-efficiency, while employees might be concerned about job security or workload changes. Understanding these individual perspectives is crucial for anticipating reactions and tailoring communication.

Simultaneously, the expert assesses each stakeholder's influence and power. Influence refers to a stakeholder's general ability to affect the plan's objectives or outcomes, which can stem from their expertise, reputation, or network. Power is a more specific form of influence, often formal or positional, giving a stakeholder the authority to make decisions, allocate resources, or enforce compliance related to the plan. Determining who holds decision-making authority, who controls critical resources, and who can rally support or opposition is vital.

The expert also evaluates the current attitude or stance of each stakeholder towards the plan: whether they are supportive, neutral, resistant, or actively opposed. This assessment helps to understand potential allies and adversaries and the reasons behind their positions.

Furthermore, the study maps out the relationships and interdependencies among stakeholders. This reveals existing alliances, potential conflicts, and communication channels, which can either facilitate or hinder the plan's progress. Understanding these dynamics helps in anticipating how different groups might interact.

Finally, based on this comprehensive analysis of identification, interests, influence, power, attitudes, and relationships, the expert prioritizes stakeholders and develops tailored engagement strategies. These strategies outline how to effectively communicate with, involve, or manage each stakeholder group to build consensus, mitigate risks, address concerns, and secure the necessary buy-in for the plan's successful adoption and implementation.