What impact does the non-condensable gas in the refrigeration system have on the condenser's performance?

Non-condensable gases in a refrigeration system negatively impact the condenser's performance by reducing its heat transfer efficiency and increasing the condensing pressure. Non-condensable gases, such as air, nitrogen, or other contaminants, do not condense into a liquid state at the condenser's operating temperatures and pressures. These gases accumulate in the condenser, occupying space that would otherwise be used by refrigerant vapor. This reduces the effective surface area available for heat transfer between the refrigerant and the cooling medium (air or water). The presence of non-condensables also creates a barrier layer on the condenser's internal surfaces, further hindering heat transfer. As a result, the condensing temperature and pressure increase to compensate for the reduced heat transfer efficiency. This increased pressure requires the compressor to work harder, increasing energy consumption and reducing the overall system's cooling capacity and efficiency. The higher condensing pressure also increases the risk of compressor overheating and failure. For example, if air leaks into a refrigeration system, it will accumulate in the condenser, raising the condensing pressure and temperature. This leads to reduced cooling capacity and higher energy bills. Therefore, it is essential to remove non-condensable gases from the refrigeration system through proper evacuation and leak detection procedures to maintain optimal condenser performance.