What types of air pollutants are specifically targeted for reduction in hydrogen production facilities?

Several types of air pollutants are specifically targeted for reduction in hydrogen production facilities, depending on the production method used. For Steam Methane Reforming (SMR), the primary targets include nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), and greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2). NOx are formed during the combustion of natural gas in the reformer furnace and contribute to smog and acid rain. SOx are emitted if the natural gas feed contains sulfur compounds. Particulate matter consists of fine particles that can cause respiratory problems. CO2 is a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. In other hydrogen production methods, such as coal gasification, pollutants such as mercury and other heavy metals may also be targeted. Electrolysis-based hydrogen production, when powered by fossil fuels, may also indirectly lead to air pollutant emissions from the power generation source. Regulations and permits typically specify emission limits for these pollutants, requiring facilities to implement control technologies to minimize their release into the atmosphere. Therefore, NOx, SOx, PM, and CO2 are key air pollutants targeted for reduction, with other pollutants potentially relevant depending on the production process.