What is the core objective of a HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) study?

The core objective of a HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) study is to systematically identify potential hazards and operability problems in a process facility, such as a hydrogen production plant, by examining every part of the process to find out what deviations from the intended operating conditions can occur and what the consequences of those deviations might be. A HAZOP study is a structured and rigorous technique that uses a team of experts to review process flow diagrams, piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs), and operating procedures. The team systematically examines each node in the process, considering a set of guidewords (e.g., NO, MORE, LESS, AS WELL AS) to identify potential deviations from the intended design or operating parameters. For each deviation, the team identifies the possible causes, the potential consequences, and any existing safeguards that are in place. If the consequences are deemed unacceptable, the team recommends actions to reduce the risk. The HAZOP study aims to identify potential hazards and operability problems early in the design process, allowing for modifications to be made to improve safety and reliability. Therefore, identifying deviations and their consequences is the main goal of a HAZOP.