What is the purpose of a Faraday cage in electrical systems, and how does it function?

The purpose of a Faraday cage in electrical systems is to shield the enclosed space from external electromagnetic fields. A Faraday cage is an enclosure formed by a conductive material, such as metal mesh or solid metal sheet. Its function is based on the principle that when an external electromagnetic field impinges on the conductive material, it causes the free electrons within the conductor to redistribute themselves. This redistribution of electrons creates an opposing electromagnetic field that cancels out the extern....