How does increasing the suction head on a centrifugal pump affect its net positive suction head required (NPSHR)?

Increasing the suction head on a centrifugal pump *does notaffect its Net Positive Suction Head Required (NPSHR). NPSHR is a characteristic of the pump itself and is determined by its design and operating speed. Suction head refers to the static pressure of the liquid at the suction port of the pump relative to atmospheric pressure. Net Positive Suction Head Available (NPSHA), on the other hand, *isaffected by the suction head. NPSHA is the absolute pressure at the suction port minus the liquid's vapor pressure at the pumping temperature. It represents the amount of energy available in the liquid to prevent cavitation. Increasing the suction head increases the NPSHA because it increases the absolute pressure at the pump suction. For example, if a pump is taking suction from an open tank, raising the liquid level in the tank increases the static head, and thus the suction head, leading to a higher NPSHA. Cavitation occurs when the absolute pressure at the pump suction drops below the liquid's vapor pressure, causing vapor bubbles to form and then collapse. This collapse creates noise, vibration, and damage to the pump impeller. To avoid cavitation, the NPSHA must be greater than the NPSHR by a sufficient margin, called the NPSH margin. While increasing the suction head improves NPSHA and reduces the risk of cavitation, it does not change the NPSHR, which is solely a property of the pump's design and operating conditions.