Dry-out in a boiler refers to the condition where the water film that normally protects the boiler tubes from overheating is lost, leading to direct contact between the hot combustion gases and the tube metal. This occurs when the heat input exceeds the rate at which water can be supplied to the tube surface to remove the heat through boiling. The water film acts as a coolant, preventing the tube metal from reaching excessively high temperatures. When dry-out occurs, the tube metal temperature rises rapidly, significantly reducing its strength and increasing the risk of tube failure. This is....
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