How does fair use doctrine allow for limited use of copyrighted works without infringing the owner's rights?

Fair use is a legal doctrine that allows for limited use of copyrighted material without seeking permission from the copyright owner or paying a licensing fee. The doctrine was established by the Copyright Act of 1976 in the United States and has been further developed through court cases. The purpose of fair use is to allow for certain uses of copyrighted works that serve the public interest, such as commentary, criticism, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. These types of uses are considered transformative, meaning they add something new or provide a different perspective on the original work. The use must also be considered fair, taking int....