What role do 'pivot states' play in geopolitical strategy?

Pivot states play a critical role in geopolitical strategy due to their significant influence on the stability and trajectory of their respective regions. A pivot state is a country whose geopolitical orientation and actions can significantly affect the balance of power and the strategic landscape of a region, or even globally. These states often possess a combination of strategic location, economic importance, military capabilities, and political influence that makes them pivotal to regional dynamics. One key role is regional stability. Pivot states can act as anchors of stability in volatile regions by promoting cooperation, mediating conflicts, and providing security. Their alignment with one side or another in a regional dispute can significantly influence the outcome. For example, a strong and stable Indonesia plays a vital role in the stability of Southeast Asia. Another role is balancing power. Pivot states can play a balancing role by aligning with or against major powers to prevent any single power from dominating a region. This can involve forming alliances, engaging in military cooperation, or pursuing independent foreign policies that counter the influence of dominant powers. For instance, India's strategic partnerships with various countries are partly aimed at balancing China's growing influence in Asia. Also, they can act as conduits for influence. Pivot states can serve as conduits for the projection of influence by external powers into a region. Their relationships with major powers can provide access to resources, markets, and strategic locations that are important for projecting power and advancing interests. For example, Pakistan's relationship with China has provided China with access to the Indian Ocean region. Furthermore, pivot states can shape regional norms and institutions. Their policies and practices can influence the development of regional norms, institutions, and frameworks for cooperation. They can play a leading role in promoting regional integration, resolving disputes, and addressing shared challenges. For instance, Brazil's leadership in South America has shaped regional integration efforts and norms related to democracy and human rights. Finally, pivot states themselves can become regional powers. By leveraging their resources, capabilities, and influence, pivot states can aspire to become regional powers and play a more assertive role in shaping the geopolitical landscape. For example, Turkey's assertive foreign policy in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East reflects its ambition to become a regional power. Their strategic importance means major powers often compete for influence in these states, seeking to secure their alignment and support for their geopolitical objectives. Understanding the dynamics of pivot states is crucial for developing effective geopolitical strategies and promoting stability in key regions.