Describe the mechanisms employed for thermal control and radiation protection on the ISS.

On the International Space Station (ISS), maintaining proper thermal control and providing radiation protection are crucial for the safety and well-being of the crew and the functionality of onboard systems. The following mechanisms are employed to address these challenges: 1. Thermal Control: * Active Thermal Control System (ATCS): The ATCS utilizes a combination of coolant loops, heat exchangers, and pumps to actively regulate and distribute thermal energy within the ISS. It removes excess heat generated by the equipment and dissipates it into space through radiators, preventing the buildup of excessive temperatures. * Coolant Loops: The ISS employs a closed-loop system that circulates a mixture of water and ethylene glycol as the coolant. This coolant absorbs heat from various components and transfers it to the heat exchangers. * Heat Exchangers: Heat exchangers facilitate the transfer of heat from the coolant to the external....