When capturing a scene with extremely bright highlights and deep shadows that the iPhone's single-shot dynamic range cannot fully encompass, what technique involving multiple exposures would ensure detail in both extremes?

The technique specifically designed to capture detail in both extremely bright highlights and deep shadows, when the iPhone's single-shot dynamic range is insufficient, is High Dynamic Range (HDR) photography, implemented through exposure bracketing. Dynamic range refers to the total range of light intensities, from the darkest shadows to the brightest highlights, that a camera sensor can accurately record. When a scene's dynamic range exceeds the camera's capability, a single exposure will either blow out highlights (make them pure white with no detail) or crush shadows (make them pure black with no detail). Exposure bracketing is the process of capturing multiple images of the same scene, each with a different exposure setting. For this technique, several exposures are taken: one is underexposed to correctly capture detail in the bright highlight areas, ensuring they are not overexposed; another is normally exposed to capture the mid-tones accurately; and a third is overexposed to reveal detail in the deep shadow areas without them appearing too dark. These distinct exposures are then digitally merged or combined using image processing software, either automatically by the iPhone's internal algorithms or through external applications. The merging process intelligently selects the well-exposed parts from each individual image—taking the detailed highlights from the underexposed shot, the rich shadows from the overexposed shot, and the balanced mid-tones from the normal shot—and composites them into a single final photograph. This resulting HDR image effectively expands the captured dynamic range, preserving intricate detail across the entire range of light intensities present in the original scene.