From a jurisprudential standpoint, what is the widely accepted ruling on the necessity of 'dhabihah' (ritual slaughter) for fish to be considered Halal for consumption?
From a jurisprudential standpoint, which refers to the body of Islamic law derived from its primary sources and interpreted by various schools of thought, the widely accepted ruling is that 'dhabihah' is not necessary for fish to be considered 'Halal' for consumption. Dhabihah is the specific method of ritual slaughter mandated for most land animals and birds in Islam to render them permissible, involving the swift cutting of the trachea, esophagus, and jugular veins while invoking God's name. Halal signifies what is permissible or lawful under Islamic law. The permissibility of fish without dhabihah is established through direct textual evidence from both the Quran, the holy book of Islam, and the Sunnah, the teachings and practices of the Prophet Muhammad, and is supported by the near-universal consensus (ijma') among Islamic scholars. The Quran states, "Lawful to you is the pursuit of water game and its use for food" (Quran 5:96), indicating a general permissibility for all aquatic animals. Furthermore, a well-known Hadith, a saying of the Prophet Muhammad, clarifies this by stating, regarding the sea, "Its water is pure and its dead are lawful." This specific prophetic guidance explicitly exempts aquatic animals from the dhabihah requirement. Unlike land animals, fish do not possess the same physiological characteristics that necessitate ritual slaughter for proper blood drainage, and their method of death, whether through suffocation out of water, being caught in a net, or dying by other means in water, is considered sufficient for their consumption to be lawful.