What core component of Korean culture underlies communication challenges arising from differences in values and beliefs during cross-cultural interactions?

The core component is *Confucianismand its emphasis on collectivism, hierarchy, and the maintenance of social harmony. Confucian values prioritize group needs and social relationships over individual expression and autonomy. This emphasis on collectivism shapes communication styles, influencing directness, assertiveness, and the way disagreements are handled. In cross-cultural interactions, these values can clash with cultures that prioritize individualism and direct communication. For example, a Westerner valuing directness might be perceived as rude or aggressive in a Korean context where saving face and avoiding conflict are highly valued. Similarly, a Korean's reluctance to express direct disagreement may be misinterpreted by a Westerner as a lack of engagement or transparency. The underlying Confucian principles, therefore, significantly contribute to communication challenges when differing value systems come into play.