What measures are taken in an LNG plant to prevent overpressure events?

Several measures are taken in an LNG plant to prevent overpressure events, which are critical to ensure safety and prevent equipment damage. Pressure safety valves (PSVs) are installed on equipment and pipelines to automatically relieve pressure if it exceeds a safe limit. These valves are designed to open at a set pressure and vent the excess pressure to a flare system or a safe location. Pressure indicators and controllers are used to continuously monitor and control the pressure in process equipment. These devices provide operators with real-time information about pressure levels and allow them to take corrective actions if necessary. High-pressure alarms are set to alert operators if the pressure approaches a dangerous level. These alarms provide early warning of potential overpressure events. Emergency shutdown (ESD) systems are designed to automatically shut down the plant or specific sections of the plant in the event of a major process upset, such as a large leak or a loss of cooling. This helps to prevent overpressure events by isolating the affected equipment and reducing the flow of fluids. Flare systems are used to safely combust waste gases and vapors that are released during overpressure events or other process upsets. This prevents the release of flammable or toxic gases into the atmosphere. Proper operating procedures are implemented to ensure that equipment is operated within safe pressure limits. These procedures include guidelines for start-up, shutdown, and normal operation. Regular inspections and maintenance are performed to ensure that pressure relief devices and other safety equipment are functioning properly. These inspections include testing and certification of PSVs. The design of the plant incorporates pressure relief studies to determine the required size and location of PSVs. These studies consider various scenarios that could lead to overpressure events, such as blocked outlets, valve failures, and external fires.