What is the significance of maintaining a controlled atmosphere within a reefer container beyond simple temperature regulation?

Maintaining a controlled atmosphere (CA) within a reefer container, beyond simple temperature regulation, significantly impacts the shelf life and quality of perishable goods by controlling the rates of respiration and ethylene production. Respiration is the process by which fruits and vegetables consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide, water, and heat. By reducing the oxygen level and increasing the carbon dioxide level within the container, the respiration rate is slowed down, extending the produce's lifespan. Ethylene is a natural plant hormone that promotes ripening and senescence (aging). Some fruits, like bananas and avocados, produce large amounts of ethylene, while others are highly sensitive to it. CA technology can either scrub ethylene from the container atmosphere or adjust the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels to reduce ethylene production and sensitivity, preventing premature ripening and spoilage. For example, transporting bananas in a CA container with reduced oxygen levels slows down their ripening process, allowing them to arrive at their destination in a more desirable state. Controlling humidity is also a component of CA, preventing dehydration or excessive moisture that can lead to mold growth. Therefore, CA goes beyond temperature control by actively managing the gaseous environment within the reefer container to optimize the preservation of perishable goods during transit.