What safety features are incorporated into electrosurgical units?

Electrosurgical units (ESUs), which use high-frequency electrical current to cut, coagulate, or fulgurate tissue during surgical procedures, incorporate numerous safety features to minimize risks to both patients and surgical staff. One crucial feature is the return electrode monitoring (REM) system, designed to prevent burns at the return electrode site. The REM system continuously monitors the impedance between the active electrode and the return electrode. If the contact between the return electrode and the patient's skin is poor, the impedance will increase, triggering an alarm and disabling the ESU to prevent a burn. Current limiting circuitry is implemented to limit the amount of current delivered to the tissue, preventing excessive tissue damage. Insulation monitoring ensures that the insulation on the active electrode is intact, preventing accidental burns to unintended tissues. Active electrode monitoring (AEM) systems detect if the active electrode is inadvertently activated when not in use, preventing accidental tissue damage. Overcurrent protection prevents damage to the ESU components in case of a short circuit or other electrical fault. Visual and audible alarms alert the surgical team to any abnormal conditions or malfunctions. Activation indicators clearly indicate when the ESU is active and delivering energy. Smoke evacuation systems are integrated to remove surgical smoke, which can contain hazardous chemicals and infectious agents. Clear labeling and instructions for use provide guidance on the safe and proper operation of the ESU. Regular maintenance and testing are also essential for ensuring the continued safe operation of the ESU.