What are the key differences in observable behaviors between someone experiencing a panic attack and someone having a heart attack?

While both panic attacks and heart attacks can cause significant distress and share some overlapping symptoms, there are key differences in observable behaviors. During a panic attack, the individual typically exhibits intense fear or anxiety that peaks within minutes. Observable behaviors often include hyperventilation (rapid, shallow breathing), which can lead to dizziness and tingling sensations in the extremities. They may also exhibit trembling, sweating, and a feeling of unreality or detachment. While chest discomfort is possible, it's often described as a sharp, stabbing pain or tightness, and it's usually accompanied by a rapid heart rate (palpitations). The individual may also display an overwhelming sense of impending doom or fear of losing control. Conversely, someone experiencing a heart attack often presents with persistent chest pain or pressure, often described as a crushing or squeezing sensation. This pain may radiate to the left arm, jaw, neck, or back. Shortness of breath is common, but hyperventilation is less likely. The individual may also exhibit nausea, vomiting, cold sweats, and lightheadedness. Importantly, heart attack symptoms tend to be more gradual in onset and persistent, whereas panic attack symptoms peak quickly and then subside. Furthermore, the individual having a heart attack may appear pale or ashen, whereas someone having a panic attack may appear flushed. It is critical to err on the side of caution and seek immediate medical attention if there is any doubt, as heart attack symptoms can sometimes be subtle or atypical, especially in women, elderly individuals, and people with diabetes. Only a medical evaluation can definitively differentiate between a panic attack and a heart attack.