How does 'retrieval practice' contribute to effective self-testing?

Retrieval practice contributes to effective self-testing by strengthening memory retrieval pathways, improving long-term retention, and providing accurate feedback on knowledge gaps. Retrieval practice involves actively recalling information from memory, rather than passively rereading or reviewing the material. Self-testing using retrieval practice forces the brain to actively search for and retrieve information, which strengthens the neural connections associated with that information. This makes it easier to recall the information in the future. Furthermore, retrieval practice provides immediate feedback on what information has been successfully learned and what information needs further study. If a learner is unable to recall a particular fact or concept during self-testing, they know that this is an area where they need to focus their attention. For example, instead of rereading a chapter in a textbook, a student might try to answer questions about the material from memory. The act of retrieving the information strengthens the memory trace and helps them identify any areas where they are struggling. This active retrieval process is more effective for long-term retention than passive review techniques.