How does metacognitive awareness specifically help in overcoming cognitive biases during problem-solving?

Metacognitive awareness helps in overcoming cognitive biases during problem-solving by enabling individuals to recognize when their thinking is being influenced by these biases and to consciously apply strategies to counteract them. Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. Metacognitive awareness, which is being aware of one's own thought processes and tendencies, allows individuals to identify when a particular bias might be affecting their reasoning. For example, if someone is aware of confirmation bias (the tendency to seek out information that confirms existing beliefs), they can consciously make an effort to seek out information that contradicts their beliefs. Similarly, awareness of anchoring bias (relying too heavily on the first piece of information encountered) can prompt individuals to actively consider alternative perspectives and data points. By being mindful of these biases and their potential impact, individuals can deliberately adjust their thinking processes to ensure more objective and rational decision-making. This might involve actively questioning assumptions, seeking diverse viewpoints, and using structured decision-making techniques to minimize the influence of biases.