In a HAZOP study, what differentiates a deviation from a guide word?

In a HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) study, a guide word is a general term that represents a specific type of deviation from the intended design or operating conditions, while a deviation is a specific way in which the process parameter might vary from its intended value, as prompted by the guide word. A HAZOP study is a structured technique used to identify potential hazards and operability problems in a process plant. The study involves a team of experts systematically examining the process design, using guide words to explore possible deviations from the intended operation. Guide words are words like "NO," "MORE," "LESS," "AS WELL AS," and "PART OF," which are applied to process parameters such as flow, pressure, temperature, and level. For example, if the process parameter is "flow" and the guide word is "NO," the deviation would be "NO FLOW." If the parameter is "temperature" and the guide word is "MORE," the deviation would be "MORE TEMPERATURE" (high temperature). The guide word is a prompt that stimulates the team to consider possible deviations, while the deviation is the concrete description of how the process variable might differ from its intended value. The team then analyzes the potential causes and consequences of each deviation, and identifies any necessary safeguards or design changes to mitigate the risks. The guide word provides the framework, and the deviation is the specific instance explored.