When a ship floats in still water, what two main forces must perfectly balance each other?

When a ship floats in still water, the two main forces that must perfectly balance each other are the gravitational force acting downwards and the buoyant force acting upwards. This perfect balance ensures the ship remains stationary at a constant water level. The gravitational force, commonly referred to as the ship's weight, is the force exerted by Earth's gravity pulling the entire mass of the ship downwards. Its magnitude depends directly on the total mass of the ship, including its hull, machinery, cargo, and crew. This force always acts vert....