The pressure boundary of the reactor vessel is monitored for integrity using a combination of online monitoring systems and periodic inspections to detect any signs of degradation or potential failure. The pressure boundary includes the reactor vessel itself, as well as the associated piping, valves, and welds that contain the high-pressure coolant. Online monitoring systems continuously measure various parameters, such as temperature, pressure, and coolant leakage, to detect any abnormal conditions that could indicate a breach in the pressure boundary. Acoustic monitoring systems can detect the presence of cracks or leaks by listening for the sounds they....
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