What type of international sanction is most likely to be effective in preventing nuclear proliferation?

The type of international sanction most likely to be effective in preventing nuclear proliferation is a comprehensive set of targeted economic sanctions that directly impede a country's ability to acquire the necessary materials, technology, and financial resources for a nuclear weapons program. These sanctions should include export controls on dual-use items (goods and technologies that can be used for both civilian and military purposes), financial sanctions targeting key individuals and entities involved in the program, and restrictions on access to international banking systems. Broad-based sanctions that target the entire economy of a country are often less effective, as they can harm the general population and create resentment, without necessarily impacting the nuclear program. Targeted sanctions, on the other hand, can directly disrupt the supply chains and financial networks that support the program. Multilateral sanctions, imposed by a broad coalition of countries, are also more effective than unilateral sanctions, as they reduce the sanctioned country's ability to find alternative sources of supply or financial support. The effectiveness of sanctions also depends on their credibility and enforcement. Sanctions must be consistently applied and vigorously enforced to deter violations. It's also important to combine sanctions with diplomatic efforts to offer the sanctioned country a pathway to compliance with nonproliferation norms in exchange for sanctions relief.