What is the central goal of nuclear materials management?

The central goal of nuclear materials management is to prevent the unauthorized use, theft, or diversion of nuclear materials, particularly highly enriched uranium (HEU) and plutonium, thereby minimizing the risk of nuclear proliferation and nuclear terrorism. This involves implementing a comprehensive system of physical protection, material accounting, and material control measures to ensure that all nuclear materials are securely stored, transported, and used. Physical protection measures include barriers, alarms, surveillance systems, and armed guards to prevent unauthorized access to nuclear facilities and materials. Material accounting measures involve tracking the quantity and location of nuclear materials at all times, using a system of records, reports, and inventories. Material control measures include procedures for handling, processing, and using nuclear materials to minimize the risk of loss or diversion. Effective nuclear materials management also requires a strong regulatory framework, a well-trained workforce, and a culture of security. The goal is to create a system that is both robust and adaptable, capable of responding to evolving threats and challenges. International standards and best practices, such as those developed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), play an important role in guiding national nuclear materials management programs.