What is the core function of a coalescer in a separation process?

The core function of a coalescer in a separation process is to promote the merging of small droplets of a dispersed phase (typically liquid) into larger droplets, thereby enhancing the efficiency of separation from a continuous phase (liquid or gas). A coalescer facilitates the separation of immiscible liquids or liquid droplets from a gas stream by causing the small, dispersed droplets to combine and grow in size. This makes it easier for them to settle out or be removed by other separation techniques. Coalescers typically consist of a fibrous or porous medium through which the mixture flows. As the mixture passes through the medium, the small droplets collide with the fibers or the porous material and coalesce, forming larger droplets. These larger droplets are then more easily separated by gravity settling or by other mechanical means. For example, in oil-water separation, a coalescer can be used to remove small, dispersed oil droplets from produced water, improving the water quality before it is discharged or reused. In gas processing, coalescers can be used to remove liquid hydrocarbons from a gas stream, preventing damage to downstream equipment and improving the gas quality.