Underwater noise generated during offshore wind farm construction, particularly from pile driving, can significantly impact marine mammal behavior. Marine mammals rely heavily on sound for communication, navigation, foraging, and detecting predators. Construction noise can interfere with these essential activities, leading to various behavioral changes. One potential impact is hearing damage. Intense noise from pile driving can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss in marine mammals, depending on the distance from the source and the duration of exposure. This can impair their ability to communicate, navigate,....
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