Stimulants impact the cardiovascular system through the sympathetic nervous system primarily by increasing the levels of norepinephrine in the synapse. Stimulants, such as amphetamine and cocaine, enhance norepinephrine neurotransmission by either blocking its reuptake or promoting its release. Norepinephrine is a key neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response. Increased norepinephrine levels lead to the activation of adrenergic receptors ....
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