Functional appliances in orthodontics are specialized dental devices designed to influence the growth and development of the jaws and facial structures, primarily in children and adolescents. These appliances play a crucial role in correcting orthodontic issues related to jaw discrepancies and bite problems. Here's an in-depth explanation of functional appliances and when they are employed:
1. Purpose of Functional Appliances:
- Functional appliances aim to correct skeletal and dental discrepancies, particularly those involving the relationship between the upper and lower jaws (malocclusion).
- They work by promoting changes in jaw growth and alignment, encouraging proper positioning of the jaws and teeth.
- These appliances are often used to address Class II or Class III malocclusions, where the upper or lower jaw protrudes excessively or lags behind in growth.
2. Types of Functional Appliances:
- There are several types of functional appliances, including:
- Herbst Appliance: A fixed appliance that encourages lower jaw growth while restricting backward movement of the upper jaw.
- Bionator: A....
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