What type of catalyst is typically used in catalytic reforming processes for aromatics production?

The type of catalyst typically used in catalytic reforming processes for aromatics production is a bifunctional catalyst containing a metal component, usually platinum (Pt), supported on an acidic carrier, most commonly alumina (Al2O3) that has been treated with chlorine. The platinum component provides sites for dehydrogenation and hydrogenation reactions, which are crucial for converting naphthenes (cyclic alkanes) to aromatics and for controlling the levels of olefins. The acidic alumina support provides sites for isomerization and cracking reactions. The chlorine enhances the acidity of the alumina support. This bifunctional nature is essential because catalytic reforming involves a complex network of reactions, including dehydrogenation of naphthenes to aromatics, isomerization of paraffins, hydrocracking of paraffins, and cyclization of paraffins to naphthenes, all of which require both metallic and acidic catalytic sites. The platinum component is highly dispersed on the alumina support to maximize its activity. The catalyst formulation is optimized to promote the formation of aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylenes - BTX) while minimizing undesirable side reactions such as excessive cracking and coke formation. The catalyst's performance is sensitive to operating conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and feed composition, and requires careful control to maintain its activity and selectivity.