How does the statistical increase of disorder in an isolated system, as defined by the Second Law of Thermodynamics, dictate the maximum theoretical efficiency of a heat engine operating between two reservoirs?

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that for any process occurring in an isolated system—a system that does not exchange energy or matter with its surroundings—the total entropy must never decrease. Entropy is a measure of the statistical disorder or the number of microscopic arrangements available to a system. A heat engine converts thermal energy into mechanical work by moving heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir. Because the engine must disc....