What adjustments must be made to a pipeline hydraulic model to accurately predict flow behavior in a pipeline transporting non-Newtonian fluids?

To accurately predict flow behavior in a pipeline transporting non-Newtonian fluids, several adjustments must be made to a standard pipeline hydraulic model, which is typically designed for Newtonian fluids like water or natural gas. Newtonian fluids have a constant viscosity regardless of the shear rate, while non-Newtonian fluids exhibit a viscosity that changes with shear rate or time. The most important adjustment is to accurately characterize the fluid's rheological properties, specifically its viscosity as a function of shear rate. This requires laboratory testing using a viscometer to determine the fluid's flow curve. Ba....