What is the primary objective of applying queuing theory in port terminal operations?

The primary objective of applying queuing theory in port terminal operations is to minimize waiting times and optimize resource utilization by mathematically analyzing and predicting the flow of vessels, trucks, and cargo through the terminal. Queuing theory, in this context, is a branch of mathematics that studies waiting lines, or queues. In a port, these queues can form at various points, such as vessel arrival (waiting for a berth), truck arrival (waiting to load or unload), or container handling (waiting for a crane). The goal is to balance the cost of providing service (e.g., more cranes, more staff) with the cost of waiting (e.g., vessel delays, truck idling). For instance, if vessels frequently wait long periods for a berth, queuing theory can help determine the optimal number of berths needed to reduce waiting times to an acceptable level, considering the arrival rate of vessels and the service rate of each berth. By understanding and predicting these queuing dynamics, terminal operators can make informed decisions about resource allocation, scheduling, and infrastructure improvements to improve overall efficiency, reduce congestion, and lower operational costs. Key performance indicators, such as average waiting time and throughput, are directly improved by effective application of queuing theory.