What international code provides the framework for port security management and risk assessments?

The international code that provides the framework for port security management and risk assessments is the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code. The ISPS Code is a comprehensive set of measures designed to enhance the security of ships and port facilities. It is implemented through amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). The ISPS Code mandates that port facilities conduct security assessments to identify potential threats and vulnerabilities, develop and implement security plans to address these risks, and establish clear roles and responsibilities for security personnel. A key component of the ISPS Code is the designation of Port Facility Security Officers (PFSOs) who are responsible for developing, implementing, and maintaining the port facility security plan. The ISPS Code also requires regular security exercises and drills to ensure the effectiveness of security measures. For example, a port facility security plan might include measures such as access control systems, surveillance cameras, perimeter fencing, and procedures for responding to security incidents. Compliance with the ISPS Code is mandatory for ports engaged in international trade, and failure to comply can result in significant penalties and disruptions to operations.